Peptide Hormones

• Made up of: Amino Acids
  • Is polar
• Large precursor polypeptide is cleaved during Post-Translational Modifications
• Produced in the endoplasmic reticulum
• Activated in the Golgi apparatus
• Effects tend to be short-lived

Mechanism

• The hormone is known as the first messenger
  • Binds to extracellular receptor
    • Receptors tend to be GPCRs (G-Protein Coupled Receptors)
• Binding triggers a second signal, known as the second messenger

Common Cascades

• Adenylate Cyclase Cascade
• Inositol Phosphates
• Ca2+ Cascade

Common Peptide Hormones

• Insulin
• Glucagon